Python Tutorial

Python Assign Multiple Values

Python can unpack several values into several variables in one statement.

Many Values to Multiple Variables

The number of variables must match the number of values.

x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

One Value to Multiple Variables

You can assign the same value to several names.

x = y = z = "Orange"
print(x, y, z)

Unpack a Collection

Extract values from a list or tuple into variables.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
x, y, z = fruits
print(x)
print(z)

📘 Real-World Deep Dive

Tuple-unpacking on assignment is one of Python's most expressive features. It turns "swap two values", "split a URL", and "iterate key/value pairs" into one-liners that read almost like English.

Real-Life Scenario

A log-line parser that extracts the timestamp, level, and message from each line.

Real-Life Example

import re
from collections import Counter

LINE = re.compile(
    r"^\[(?P<ts>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})\] "
    r"(?P<level>INFO|WARN|ERROR) "
    r"(?P<msg>.*)$"
)

levels = Counter()
with open("app.log") as f:
    for line in f:
        m = LINE.match(line)
        if not m:
            continue
        ts, level, msg = m["ts"], m["level"], m["msg"]
        levels[level] += 1
        if level == "ERROR" and "timeout" in msg:
            print(ts, "→", msg)
print(dict(levels))

Expected Output

{"INFO": 187, "WARN": 14, "ERROR": 3}

Common mistakes

Unpacking a tuple of the wrong size raises ValueError — wrap risky unpacks in try/except or use starred capture (a, *rest, b = seq).
Unpacking nested structures forces every level to match — flatten early when shapes vary.
Forgetting parentheses around a tuple of one element (x = 1,) is legal Python and frequently surprising.

🚀 Performance & Best Practices

Starred-unpacking (*a, b = seq) is O(n) in CPython — fine for tens of items, use a slice otherwise.
Bulk initialisation: x = y = z = 0 rebinds the same object; if it's mutable, all names refer to one list.
For large dicts, unpack with **d1, **d2 instead of nested unpacking.

🧪 Try It Yourself

Extend the regex to capture the request ID and count requests per minute.
Refactor the example to use match.groupdict() directly without unpacking.
Star-unpack a 100-element list into first, *middle, last and measure the overhead vs. indexing.

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